The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report called “Climate Change 2022. Mitigation of Climate Change” recognizes that the lack of adequate governance of the digital revolution may hinder the role that digitization could play in supporting the achievement of stringent mitigation target goals.
This regard calls for the coordinated implementation of policy instruments that can help accelerate change in the desired direction. Targeted technological change, regulation, and public policy can help steer digitalization, the sharing economy, and the circular economy towards climate change mitigation.
It also understands that digitalization must be deployed in the context of decreasing consumer demand to lower energy consumption.
For the Latin American Institute of Terraforming, the report is a breakthrough in understanding that digitalization cannot be sustained only on the hegemonic technological promise of a sustainable future and needs bold public policies based on independent and multidisciplinary evidence.
Perhaps World Water Day, celebrated this March 22, could be an excuse to talk about how fundamental this element is for the deployment of digital technologies and how its intensive use brings socio-environmental conflicts that we are not used to hearing about. Yet, is not digitization and the digital economy the necessary step towards sustainability? Will not technological innovation be the same that will solve the intensive use of resources such as water?
Latin America, in this scenario, has a varied catalog of socio-environmental conflicts due to the use of water by digital technologies. Just to name a few: water mining for lithium extraction in the Atacama Desert, a fundamental element for the batteries of our digital devices, which has forced the displacement of indigenous populations as well as other native species; the intensive use of water by hyper-scale data centers (the cloud! ) to cool their equipment which could affect human consumption of water as well as the feeding of entire ecosystems such as wetlands; to which is added the intensive hydro-energy use to mine crypto which, in the middle of the energy transition, raises the question of how to decide socially in what clean energy is invested.
Quizás el Día Mundial del Agua, que se celebra este 22 de marzo, pueda ser una excusa para conversar sobre lo fundamental que es este elemento para el despliegue de las tecnologías digitales y cómo su uso intensivo trae conflictos socioambientales que no estamos acostumbrados a escuchar. ¿No es acaso la digitalización y la economía digital el paso necesario para la sustentabilidad? ¿No será la innovación tecnológica la misma que solucionará los usos intensivos de recursos como el agua?
América Latina, en este panorama, tiene un variado catálogo de conflictos socioambientales debido al uso del agua por las tecnologías digitales. Solo por nombrar algunas, están: la minería hídrica con la que se extrae el litio en el desierto de Atacama, elemento fundamental para las baterías de nuestros dispositivos digitales y que ha forzado desplazamiento de poblaciones indígenas además de otras especies nativas; el uso intensivo de agua de los data centers a hiper-esacala (¡la nube!) para enfriar sus equipos y que afectarían el consumo humano de agua como la alimentación de ecosistemas fundamentales como los humedales; a lo que se agrega el uso hidro energético intensivo para minar cripto que, en plena transición energética, levanta la pregunta de cómo se decide socialmente en qué se invierten las energías limpias.
The UN Secretary-General has said that “the digital revolution can be steered to combat climate change and advance global sustainability, environmental stewardship and human well-being.”
For that reason, the Coalition for Digital Environmental Sustainability (CODES) initiative has been recently launched as an important part of the broader follow-up to the Secretary-General's Roadmap on Digital Cooperation. CODES was initiated by UNEP, UNDP, the International Science Council, the German Environment Agency, the Kenyan Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Future Earth and Sustainability in the Digital Age, and now is leading a global multi-stakeholder process.
In this context, its first mission is to co-develop an “Action Plan for a Sustainable Planet in the Digital Age” to identify the key shifts and strategic priorities needed to harness digital technologies to accelerate environmentally and socially sustainable development. Taking advantage of one of the last spaces to present observations to this plan, the Latin American Institute of Terraforming sent a document with its comments this month. Among the most critical points that we believe can be reinforced in the draft presented, we highlight:
A submission by the “Latin American Institute of Terraforming” for the special consultation called “The Environmental Impacts and Benefits of the Internet,” launched by the ITU Council Working Group on International Internet-related Public Policy Issues (CWG-Internet) in October 2021.
According to a November 2021 survey of IPCC scientists, a large majority believe that we are heading for a 3,0°C global temperature increase due to political inaction. In this context, it is urgent to rethink the role of digitalization and its contribution to global warming, according to scientific evidence. It is risky to assume that the new efficiencies enabled by ICT will suddenly start creating significant carbon savings in the economy at large without a strategic role for governance. Therefore, the catalytic role of the ITU must be even more critical, assertive, and decisive for the challenge of the climate crisis so as to be able to drive digital environmental justice. To this end, we suggest five actions (of many others that can be implemented), based on scientific evidence, that can be considered by ITU around greenhouse gas emissions due to ICT use:
Intervención de Paz Peña, coordinadora del Instituto Latinoamericano de Terraformación, en el evento “Tecnologías y medio ambiente: respuestas desde el Sur”, organizado por ALAI y APC, el 4 de noviembre del 20201.
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Antes de concentrarme en las respuestas desde el Sur a los desafíos de las tecnologías y el medio ambiente, quisiera reparar en algo que creo que nunca le damos el peso necesario, es decir, el desafío planetario al que nos enfrentamos como humanidad.
Se trata de la posibilidad, cierta, de la extinción humana en tan solo unas generaciones más, la que va de la mano con la desaparición de otras especies conocidas y por conocer. La extinción es, por ahora, el camino que hemos elegido, a menos que disminuyamos, drásticamente, la emisión de gases invernadero en los próximos años y, aún más, modifiquemos de raíz el modelo capitalista extractivista, colonialista y de supremacía humana que nos ha llevado a la orilla del abismo.
This talk announced the call by the “Latin American Institute of Terraforming (terraforminglatam.net) and was carried out in the context of the International Seminar on Architecture and Design “Views from the gender perspective” of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile, on September 7, 2021.
Paz Peña O. is a consultant and activist who seeks to build bridges between digital technologies, feminism, and social justice. More information at www.pazpena.com
English translation: Natalia Tranchino Molina.
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I would like to begin this talk by quoting one of my favorite thinkers, feminist Rosi Braidotti (2015), with a quote that I think captures very well the feeling of many of us. Particularly, those who grew up in the 20th century and were used to a world that now seems far away; the idea that this century and its immense complexity unsettles us, to the point of interrupting our daily lives.
Human hubris aside, unless one is comfortable with the current multidimensional complexity, no one can feel truly at home in the 21st century.
Without a doubt, one of the causes of this immense complexity is the unrelenting climate crisis. Reading the related news and witnessing the critical change of the local climate, it seems that, for some time now we are at home, yet we have lost the feeling of home.
What are the new rules of living in a warming planet? Can we design an Anthropocene from the logics of feminist theory?
In truth, I am here to make you a formal invitation to think about it. However, before I hand out the invite, I would like to provide you with some context so that you understand from what place I am talking about.
We joined the Libanese writer Joey Ayoub in “The Fire These Times” to talk about a piece written by Paz Peña for the Global Information Society Watch (GISWatch): “Bigger, more, better, faster: The ecological paradox of digital economies”.
En una cooperación con amigashacker.club y la artista Constanza Figueroa (también parte del Instituto), lazamos el fanzine de inauguración del Instituto Latinoamericano de Terraformación.
Esta primera edición es una versión lo-fi, muy lo-fi y con poquitas copias impresas. La pueden encontrar en una nueva versión de la Feria Impresionante, este 25 y 26 de septiembre y el primer fin de semana de octubre, en el persa Víctor Manuel (Santiago de Chile).
Si no alcanzan a tener una de esas raras copias, pueden bajar ese documento en este enlace.
Aprendemos, reflexionamos y diseñamos acciones multidisciplinarias que, utilizando teorías y prácticas feministas, buscan comprender las relaciones entre la tecnología, la crisis ecológica/climática y la justicia social en América Latina, concentrándonos en los desafíos técnicos y políticos que implican.
Nos centramos, principalmente, en tres usos de la tecnología en el contexto del Antropoceno:
Bajar las emisiones de carbono. En particular, nos interesa indagar sobre qué papel juega la digitalización en este esfuerzo y qué rol juega América Latina respondiendo la pregunta ¿puede existir una transición digital justa?
Vivir en las nuevas condiciones climáticas. Cuáles son los roles atribuidos a las tecnologías en la adaptación a las nuevas condiciones planetarias y territoriales, y cómo las relaciones de poder capitalistas y geopolíticas se despliegan y resisten.
Extraer el carbono de la atmósfera. En el contexto de la creciente inversión del capital financiero liderado por Silicon Valley en estas tecnologías de extracción del carbono, nos preguntamos por el papel ideológico de estos avances y sus efectos materiales, particularmente, en América Latina.
Además, construimos instancias de socialización y concientización de estos hallazgos, preguntas y experiencias en espacios abiertos de difusión que, precisamente, ayudan a desarrollar más y mejor conocimiento.
We learn, reflect and design multidisciplinary actions that, using feminist theories and practices, seek to understand the relationships between technology, the ecological/climatic crisis, and social justice in Latin America, focusing on the technical and political challenges involved.
We mainly focus on three uses of technology in the context of the Anthropocene:
Lowering carbon emissions. In particular, we are interested in exploring what role digitalization plays in this effort and Latin America's role in answering the question, “Can there be a just digital transition?
Living in the new climatic conditions. We study the roles attributed to technologies to the new planetary and territorial adaptation needs and how capitalistic and geopolitical power relations are deployed and resisted.
Extracting carbon from the atmosphere. In the context of the growing investment of financial capital led by Silicon Valley in these carbon extraction technologies, we ask ourselves about the ideological role of these advances and their material effects, particularly in Latin America.
In addition, we build instances of socialization and awareness of these findings, questions, and experiences in open spaces of dissemination that, precisely, help develop more and better knowledge.
